Teamwork
Creation of teams in different domains has for a long period improved the standards of the intended organization. Working as a team helps in achieving the intended goals in a short period. For instance, in the domain of healthcare, working as a team is very influential. Teamwork would be essential for the safety of the patients and improved cognition amid the healthcare providers (Salas, Cooke, & Rosen. 2008). Teamwork amid health professionals could enhance their performance and thus efficient health services which would be beneficial to the patients. The art of team performance has created a wealth of understanding on how to structure, promote team performance, measure, and manage organizations. Team performance has vast Implications on current and future generations; the act of teamwork improves the living standards of people and in the future, the generations to come will enjoy the well-laid foundation. Furthermore, the generations to come must uphold the laid pace of team performance. Personally, I support the idea of teamwork as technology has influence for both the literate and illiterate; people should work together to advance more rapidly. When people assume not to cooperate, some will be left behind while others will be far beyond as technology is moving. In my day to day business, I find myself involved in teamwork. When I study alone, I find it difficult to comprehend ideas fast; when we work together with my colleagues, I am in a position to understand concepts fast. When I am involved in group discussions, concepts end up sticking in my long term memory in that I cannot forget easily. When studying alone, I find myself repeating the concepts several times.
2) Decision-Making
Decision making is usually a process that involves an overwhelming time; mostly it appears to be a big deal when one is making major decisions as one tries to give the best either personally or for an intended group of people. One of the significant places where decision making is essential is when deciding what career to pursue. One needs to take time for him/her to make a wise decision, which may not lead to negative impacts like lack of job positions or even messing in place of work now and then (Pigott, 2012). To avoid all negative impacts, one needs to follow his/her passion in life. It sounds good when people involve themselves in domains where their passion lies as work is always perfectly done. Decision making improves the technological behavior, for instance, in an organization, when people discuss a particular move, they will finally agree to work on it together. Thus it significantly influences collaborative technologies. The article has struck me positively, for example, when people are making decisions, they are mostly impacted by principles and desires of others. One could be impacted by his/her family, allies, scholars or even tutors. The article has resolved that one should follow his principles and passion towards career choice; towards my career selection, I will involve my principles and passion. Since I was a small child, I have been setting goals in life, but unfortunately, I have only been achieving not more than ten percent of them. The article outlines methods on how to set and achieve excellent goals; I am now in a position to put down smart goals, which can be achievable.
3) Interactive Team Knowledge
For things to run smoothly, professionals in different domains must involve cognition as one of the basic things for their success. The article has outlined the benefits of interactive team cognition. People enhanced with knowledge in a particular domain, working together would give positive impacts. The article inspires me to design a new collaborative system whereby, leaders specialized from different fields coming and outlining their achievements regularly could lead to improved services. When the leaders meet, they should be given rewards according to their performance in their distinguished fields. This could promote hard-work and follow up to their subjects. The essential part of the article is that it outlines that no person has access to all of the cognitive skills, information and time required in today’s technology. Therefore, people with similar skills in a particular field are called to come together to give their best (Cooke, Gorman, Myers, & Duran, 2013). After going through the article, I found many benefits of interactive team cognition, but some questions are left hanging. Team cognition is highly beneficial but what methods should be put in place to ensure that people in the same domain are brought together to see to it that team cognition is properly put in place? Having been appointed as the director of operations at the new Nittany Valley Hershey Hospital I would ensure that interactive team cognition is upheld. As the article outlines that, with technology, people need to work together to achieve their goals, I could emphasize on teamwork and cooperation. As the facility calls for remotely distributed work, I could ensure that as the facility moves from one place to another, interactive team cognition is upheld in order to give the best.
4) Team Mental Model Concept
The idea of a team mental model was initiated as a method to capture the implicit harmonization frequently experienced in efficient teams to comprehend how teams operate in complex situations. One of the assumptions relating to this research is that teams whose members use the same models of both teamwork and task work are well situated and accept the requirements and actions of other members, thus improving team performance. Another assumption outlined by the article is that all team members should think about teamwork and task work, which means that certain member roles may need larger convergence of knowledge in a team, while other members may be served by dispersed mental models (Mohammed, Ferzandi, & Hamilton, 2010). This article could be applicable in military whereby members are advised to share techniques of security affairs amongst themselves, for instance, if one has a particular skill that another security personnel does not have, he/she should share it out. The article has influenced me positively; in my studies I am now able to share concepts with my colleagues which they may not have grasped. Similarly, the article has resolved to me that sharing of ideas brings to better impacts, thus by involving my colleagues in my studies; this will both help them and me simultaneously (Giannantonio & Hurley-Hanson, 2011). The most influential part of the article is that members of the same domain should be in a position to uphold awareness of sharing; this helps in attaining the set goals fast and in an excellent form as the exchange of ideas improves motivation and confidence. The article is trying to reveal that when people work to give out the knowledge they have, they gain as they share it thus it insists that people ought to give their skills as they also need to acquire the skills which they do not have.
5) Human-Computer Relations
Computation is becoming more rampant and essential in the new world; therefore, people need to be enriched with more skills and knowledge towards computers. This article could be essential to those people involved in making of software and technology designers. As human-computer interaction is becoming so much important, the theoretical information involved in the design of new communication and interacting technologies is needed, 2008). When new methods of communication are designed, they will have positive implications for the current generation as mechanical workload will be substituted with an automatic workload. The article is emphasizing on people’s know-how of not only being literate with the digital network but also be able to have cognition on digital materials (Hollan, Hutchins, & Kirsh, 2000). The article continues to talk about how people should share their ideas towards the creation of new methods of communication. This is because, computation is becoming rampant as generation is increasing and therefore, new ways on how to communicate should be laid down. I take this initiative of having other means of communication important, for instance, most are the times when a lot of people are on their computers having internet access; this slows the internet performance as many people are using it at the same time. Suppose new methods are invented whereby people do not access the same network; it could be better as the search for various products could be easier. This influenced my life as a learner as some are the times we are given research assignments and I find myself having a hard time to get the feature that I want on the internet as many people have overloaded the network, and thus it becomes slow.
6) Human Error
Humans are expected in one way or another to make an error. The article outlines that no matter how one is educated or how an organization is perfect, error could take place in one way or another. The article introduces a basic assumption that in order to minimize chances of making errors, change over conditions on which human beings work should be transformed. Transformation could be easily attained when humans change their modes of doing things by ensuring that they perfect them to their level best. The most significant part of the article is on how an error can be managed. The article outlines two methods which can be applied to handle human fallibility; it outlines that both person and the system approaches could be employed to minimize chances of human making errors. The person approach emphasizes on errors of individuals whereby personalities are blamed for their own fault; it also focuses on providing avenues for which individual errors could be minimized. The system approach focuses on conditions upon which humans work and struggles to create defenses to avoid errors in order to lessen their impacts (Reason, 2000). The article improves my ways of doing things; it teaches that although errors would be there in life, avenues to avoid them should be created. For instance, times come when I avoid doing my assignments and by the time my lecturer asks for the assignment, I end up looking for false inconveniences, which influence me negatively in later. This comes as I make an error of avoiding working on the assignment in time. The article teaches that when in position to evade errors, one should avoid them as they always have negative impacts.
7) Group Decisions
The article outlines that being aware of future situations one is able to make wise decision. The article emphasizes on the benefit of the electronic media, which may assist to improve on some of the decisions made that tend to be unwise and bring negative impacts. A decision made today will affect generations to come unless changed; therefore, decision makers should be keen in their resolution. A precise evaluation of a circumstance usually needs the integration of a big number of cues that must be understood against the information saved in long-term memory. The article emphasizes on the dynamic interplay amid operational remembrance, long-term memory, and cue-seeking activities that may lead to unfair information dispensation and decision making. For instance, a pilot’s comprehension of the present condition of the world is reliant on his/ her experiences besides the relative salience of external cues (Wellens, 1993). The articles educates that once a circumstance has been identified, decision-making should be applied in order to decide the suitable course of action. The article has influenced me positively by letting me to know that there are many prejudices that can take place in group settings and add to the present biases inherent in individual decision-making.
References
Cooke, N., Gorman, J., Myers, C., & Duran, J. (2013). Interactive team cognition. Cognitive Science, 37(2), 255–285.
Giannantonio, C., & Hurley-Hanson, A. (2011). Reflections on the relevance of the principles of scientific management. Journal of Business and Management, 17(1), 1-10.
Hollan, J., Hutchins, E., & Kirsh, D. (2000). Distributed cognition: Toward a new foundation for human-computer interaction research. Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 7(2), 174–196.
Mohammed, S., Ferzandi, L., & Hamilton, K. (2010). Metaphor no more: A 15-year review of the team mental model construct. Journal of Management, 36(4), 876-910.
Pigott, J. (2012). Decision-making and goal-setting. Pavilion for Leadership, 110(206), 296-6080.
Reason, J. (2000). Human error: Models and management. British Medical Journal, 320(7237), 768–770.
Salas, E., Cooke, N., & Rosen, M. (2008). On teams, teamwork, and team performance: Discoveries and developments. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 50(3), 540–547.
Wellens, A. (1993). Group situation awareness and distributed decision making: From military to civilian applications. Individual and group decision making: Current issues, 267-287.