Q1
The molecule will have the same mass since the mass of any object is same everywhere. Regardless of the place, the mass of an object remains to be the same but the object can way differently. This is due to the force of gravity that differs depending on where one is. Mass remains constant
Q2
The molecule Magnesium chloride has an atomic value of 46. This is because magnesium has an atomic number of twelve and bonds with two chlorine atoms which have an atomic number of 17 each. When they are added, they give the 46 atomic mass of magnesium chloride.
Q3
The process involves a physical change since the dissolving of a solute (salt) in a solvent is physical change.
Q4
Water has a high melting point because of its bonding. It has hydrogen bonds which require a lot of heat to break. The hydrogen ions which are positively charged will get attracted to the negatively charged oxygen ion. This form the hydrogen bond. This answers why water is characterized by high heat capacity. Water has a high heat capacity coming second after ammonia. One molecule of water is bonded by two hydrogen bonds. However, hydrogen bonds are thought to have weak covalent bonding when it starts gaining heat it requires a lot much of heat explaining why water has high melting and boiling points. The hydrogen bonds are also responsible for the high heating capacity since they require alo0t of heat to break the bonding.
Q5
A sodium chloride molecule is made by an ionic bond. This is a bond that is formed by molecules with opposite charges. For instance, the chlorine ion is –ve while the sodium ion is +ve. The two bond after the sodium atom donating one electron to the chlorine atom to make it stable forming an ionic bond.
Q6
At point A the water is frozen because it’s the melting point of water. Point B is a gaseous state because the temperature is already above the boiling point of water. Points C, D, E represent the solid state still since the water has not melted yet. Above 0 degrees, water starts to melt.
Q7
At point C, the water is already frozen, and an increase in temperature will mean that the frozen water particles start to vibrate and if the temperature goes above zero degrees Celsius, the water in the form of ice will melt.
Q8
When these glaciers form, the global sea level will drop significantly. This is because the glaciers store water in them. The water forms a large percentage of the world’s fresh water. Most of this large ice bergs trap water in them lowering the sea level. If all glaciers in the world were to melt, then the sea level will consequently rise overtime. Glaciers either trap the waters or melt to give more water.
Q9
The major cause of surface ocean currents is winded. However, ocean currents can also be generated by the difference in the masses of the ocean water. The water mass differences can be as a result of temperatures and other conditions like the salinity, gravity, and even earthquakes.
Q10
They were identified as the Gulf Stream core rings.
Q11
The atmosphere is a layer that consists of gasses. This layer is normally supported by the earth’s force of gravity. This layer consists of other layers namely:exosphere, the stratosphere, mesosphere and thetroposphere. The troposphere is the first layer of the atmosphere, and this is the layer where weather occurs while the stratosphere is where the most aircraft fly.
Q12
The gasses that make up the atmosphere include nitrogen, carbon (IV) oxide,oxygen, and inert gasses. Nitrogen has the greatest percentage followed by oxygen. Carbon (IV) oxide and inert gasses are in small amounts. Inert gasses in the atmosphere include neon, argon, xenon and others. Nitrogen takes 78% of the total percentage. Oxygen comes second with 21% and carbon (iv) oxide takes
Q13
Weather occurs in the troposphere which is the first layer of the atmosphere. It’s a layer that is directly next to the earth surface but is contained by the gravitational forces above the ground.
Q14. Temperature. The temperature affects the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. As the temperature gets high, it increases the rate of evaporation and hence increasing the amount of water that the air can hold. When the temperature goes low the carrying capacity of the air reduces and consequently the amount of water contained in the air reduces.
Q15
40
Q16
Relative humidity refers to the amount of water that the air can hold at a particular temperature. It can also refer to the ratio of water vapor to the saturation pressures. Relative humidity can be affected temperature and the location of the place. Coastal regions have high humidity because the high temperatures in the region promote evaporation which has to take place for humidity to be present in the air.
Q17
E represents the warm front. This is because the warm breeze is normally lighter than the cold breeze. When the two meet, the denser breeze will not pave the way for the light warm front, instead the warm front will rise over the cold breeze.